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First published online November 18, 2003
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.00872


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Journal of Cell Science 116, 4871-4881 (2003)
doi: 10.1242/jcs.00872


Commentary

The non-classical export routes: FGF1 and IL-1{alpha} point the way

Igor Prudovsky1, Anna Mandinova1, Raffaella Soldi1, Cinzia Bagala1, Irene Graziani1, Matteo Landriscina2, Francesca Tarantini3, Maria Duarte1, Stephen Bellum1, Holly Doherty1 and Thomas Maciag1,*

1 Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
2 Department of Oncology, Catholic University of Rome, School of Medicine, Rome 00168, Italy
3 Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Florence, School of Medicine, Florence 50139, Italy

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: maciat{at}mmc.org)

Non-classical protein release independent of the ER-Golgi pathway has been reported for an increasing number of proteins lacking an N-terminal signal sequence. The export of FGF1 and IL-1{alpha}, two pro-angiogenic polypeptides, provides two such examples. In both cases, export is based on the Cu2+-dependent formation of multiprotein complexes containing the S100A13 protein and might involve translocation of the protein across the membrane as a `molten globule'. FGF1 and IL-1{alpha} are involved in pathological processes such as restenosis and tumor formation. Inhibition of their export by Cu2+ chelators is thus an effective strategy for treatment of several diseases.

Key words: Fibroblast growth factor 1, FGF1, Interleukin 1{alpha}, IL-1{alpha}, Release, Non-classical, Copper, Synaptotagmin 1, S100A13


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