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First published online 23 December 2002
doi: 10.1242/jcs.00263
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Research Article |
1 School of Biological Sciences, Stopford Building, University of Manchester,
Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
2 Endocrine Sciences Research Group, Stopford Building, University of
Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
3 Hannah Research Institute, Ayr, KA6 5HL, UK
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: melissa.westwood{at}man.ac.uk)
Accepted 5 November 2002
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important survival signals that can protect a range of cell types from apoptosis. Although IGF bioavailability is modulated by high affinity interactions with IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), there is currently no experimental evidence that IGFBPs regulate the survival function of IGFs in the mammary gland. We have examined IGFBP expression during mammary gland development and studied the effects of IGFBPs on IGF-mediated survival and signalling in mammary epithelial cells in culture. IGFBP-5 protein was greatly increased during days 1-3 of mammary gland involution, when levels of apoptosis are dramatically elevated to remodel the gland after lactation. Primary cultures of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) expressed IGFBP-5 from their basal surface suggesting that IGFBP-5 is suitably located to inhibit IGF signalling. Addition of exogenous IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-3 to MECs suppressed IGF-I-mediated survival, resulting in threefold greater apoptosis in cells incubated with IGF-I and IGFBP-5 compared with IGF-I alone. Examination of signalling pathways involved in apoptosis revealed that phosphorylation of PKB and the forkhead transcription factor, FKHRL1, was induced by IGFs, but that phosphorylation was blocked by IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-3. This study provides evidence that IGFBP-5 plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis in the mammary gland.
Key words: Insulin-like growth factors, Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, Apoptosis, Mammary gland
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