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First published online July 30, 2004
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.01270

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Lateral diffusion of Toll-like receptors reveals that they are transiently confined within lipid rafts on the plasma membrane

¹ Infection and Immunity Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
² Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
³ Department of Food Biophysics, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: k.triantafilou{at}sussex.ac.uk)

Accepted 14 April 2004

The innate immune system utilises pattern recognition receptors in order to recognise microbial conserved molecular patterns. The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been shown to act as the main pattern recognition receptors for the innate immune system. Using biochemical as well as fluorescence imaging techniques, TLR2 and TLR4 were found to be recruited within microdomains upon stimulation by bacterial products. Furthermore their lateral diffusion in the cell membrane as determined by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed that upon stimulation by bacterial products TLRs encounter barriers to their lateral movement, thus supporting the notion that specialised domains on the plasma membrane facilitate the innate recognition.

Key words: LTA, Toll-like receptors, LPS-activation cluster, Innate recognition, FRAP

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