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First published online 25 August 2004
doi: 10.1242/jcs.01322

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Critical role of N-cadherin in myofibroblast invasion and migration in vitro stimulated by colon-cancer-cell-derived TGF-ß or wounding

¹ Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium
² Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium
³ INSERM U482, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg, Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris CEDEX 12, France

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: marc.mareel{at}ugent.be)

Accepted 20 May 2004

Invasion of stromal host cells, such as myofibroblasts, into the epithelial cancer compartment may precede epithelial cancer invasion into the stroma. We investigated how colon cancer-derived myofibroblasts invade extracellular matrices in vitro in the presence of colon cancer cells. Myofibroblast spheroids invade collagen type I in a stellate pattern to form a dendritic network of extensions upon co-culture with HCT-8/E11 colon cancer cells. Single myofibroblasts also invade Matrigel^TM when stimulated by HCT-8/E11 colon cancer cells. The confrontation of cancer cells with extracellular matrices and myofibroblasts, showed that cancer-cell-derived transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) is required and sufficient for invasion of myofibroblasts. In myofibroblasts, N-cadherin expressed at the tips of filopodia is upregulated by TGF-ß. Functional N-cadherin activity is implicated in TGF-ß stimulated invasion as evidenced by the neutralizing anti-N-cadherin monoclonal antibody (GC-4 mAb), and specific N-cadherin knock-down by short interference RNA (siRNA). TGF-ß1 stimulates Jun N-terminal kinase (also known as stress-activated protein kinase) (JNK) activity in myofibroblasts. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK alleviates TGF-ß stimulated invasion, N-cadherin expression and wound healing migration. Neutralization of N-cadherin activity by the GC-4 or by a 10-mer N-cadherin peptide or by siRNA reduces directional migration, filopodia formation, polarization and Golgi-complex reorientation during wound healing. Taken together, our study identifies a new mechanism in which cancer cells contribute to the coordination of invasion of stromal myofibroblasts.

Key words: Spheroid, Cross-signaling, JNK

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