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First published online 3 February 2004
doi: 10.1242/jcs.00912

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The surface of articular cartilage contains a progenitor cell population

Gary P. Dowthwaite¹, Joanna C. Bishop¹, Samantha N. Redman¹, Ilyas M. Khan¹, Paul Rooney², Darrell J. R. Evans^1,*, Laura Haughton¹, Zubeyde Bayram³, Sam Boyer⁴, Brian Thomson⁴, Michael S. Wolfe⁵ and Charles W. Archer^1,

¹ Cardiff School of Biosciences and Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, PO Box 911, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
² Tissue Services, National Blood Service, Langley Lane, Sheffield S5 7JN, UK
³ Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, 070 Campus Antalya, Turkey
⁴ Smith and Nephew Group Research Centre, York Science Park, Heslington, York YO10 5DF, UK
⁵ Centre for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Author for correspondence (e-mail: archer{at}cardiff.ac.uk)

Accepted 2 October 2003

It is becoming increasingly apparent that articular cartilage growth is achieved by apposition from the articular surface. For such a mechanism to occur, a population of stem/progenitor cells must reside within the articular cartilage to provide transit amplifying progeny for growth. Here, we report on the isolation of an articular cartilage progenitor cell from the surface zone of articular cartilage using differential adhesion to fibronectin. This population of cells exhibits high affinity for fibronectin, possesses a high colony-forming efficiency and expresses the cell fate selector gene Notch 1. Inhibition of Notch signalling abolishes colony forming ability whilst activated Notch rescues this inhibition. The progenitor population also exhibits phenotypic plasticity in its differentiation pathway in an embryonic chick tracking system, such that chondroprogenitors can engraft into a variety of connective tissue types including bone, tendon and perimysium. The identification of a chondrocyte subpopulation with progenitor-like characteristics will allow for advances in our understanding of both cartilage growth and maintenance as well as provide novel solutions to articular cartilage repair.

Key words: Cartilage, Progenitor cell, Notch

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