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First published online August 3, 2005
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.02475

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Wounding activates p38 map kinase and activation transcription factor 3 in leading keratinocytes

¹ Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
² Department of Pathobiology Graduate Program, University of Washington, N.E. Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
³ Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, N.E. Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: wcarter{at}fhcrc.org)

Accepted 9 May 2005

Quiescent epidermis anchors to laminin 5 in the basement membrane via integrin 6ß4. Wounding elevates expression of laminin 5, generating leading keratinocytes (LKs) that migrate via ß1 integrins. Laminin 5 was evaluated as a regulator of cell signaling, and mRNA and protein expression in LKs. An in vitro wound model was developed based on suspension and re-adhesion of quiescent human keratinocytes (HKs). DNA microarrays identified multiple mRNAs elevated 1.5 hours after suspension and re-adhesion including activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3). In vitro and in vivo, levels of ATF3 protein elevate in nuclei of LKs, but not in nuclei of the following cells, 2 hours after suspension or wounding but decline by 12-18 hours post injury. Significantly, null defects in laminin 5 or integrin ß4 that inhibit anchorage chronically elevate ATF3 in vivo. This suggests that adhesion to laminin 5, but not other ligands, suppresses activation. On suspension, ATF3 and other transcripts in the microarrays are elevated by phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P-p38), a stress kinase that regulates mRNA and cell motility. Inhibition of P-p38 with SB203580 prevents phosphorylation of ATF2, a transcription factor for ATF3 in LKs. Re-adhesion to laminin 5 via 6ß4 dephosphorylates P-p38 and suppresses ATF3 protein relative to cells in suspension. Thus, wounding of quiescent HKs disrupts laminin 5 adhesion to activate p38, generating mRNA transcripts that define LKs. Adhesion to deposits of laminin 5 via 6ß4 suppresses P-p38 and activation mRNAs including ATF3. Defects in laminin 5 and 6ß4 sustain P-p38 with probable pathological effects on transcription and migration.

Key words: Laminin 5, p38 MAPK, ATF3, Epidermal Wounds

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