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First published online 25 October 2005
doi: 10.1242/jcs.02642
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Research Article |
1 Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung at Heinrich-Heine-University, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
2 Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: mikecz{at}uni-duesseldorf.de)
Accepted 4 August 2005
The ubiquitin proteasome system plays a fundamental role in the regulation of cellular processes by degradation of endogenous proteins. Proteasomes are localized in both, the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus, however, little is known about nuclear proteolysis. Here, fluorogenic precursor substrates enabled detection of proteasomal activity in nucleoplasmic cell fractions (turnover 0.0541 µM/minute) and nuclei of living cells (turnover 0.0472 µM/minute). By contrast, cell fractions of nucleoli or nuclear envelopes did not contain proteasomal activity. Microinjection of ectopic fluorogenic protein DQ-ovalbumin revealed that proteasomal protein degradation occurs in distinct nucleoplasmic foci, which partially overlap with signature proteins of subnuclear domains, such as splicing speckles or promyelocytic leukemia bodies, ubiquitin, nucleoplasmic proteasomes and RNA polymerase II. Our results establish proteasomal proteolysis as an intrinsic function of the cell nucleus.
Key words: Cell nucleus, Nuclear bodies, Nucleolus, Proteasomes, Proteolysis, Ubiquitin-proteasome system
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