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First published online July 5, 2006
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.03029

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Myogenic potential of adipose-tissue-derived cells

¹ Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Terapia Genica, Centro Cardiologico Fondazione Monzino, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
² Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
³ Istituto di Cardiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy

^* Authors for correspondence (e-mail: g.dirocco{at}idi.it; capogrossi{at}idi.it)

Accepted 2 May 2006

Adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be directed towards a myogenic phenotype in vitro by the addition of specific inductive media. However, the ability of these or other adipose-tissue-associated cells to respond to `natural' myogenic cues such as a myogenic environment has never been investigated in detail. Here, we provide evidence that a restricted subpopulation of freshly harvested adipose-tissue-derived cells possesses an intrinsic myogenic potential and can spontaneously differentiate into skeletal muscle. Conversion of adipose-tissue-derived cells to a myogenic phenotype is enhanced by co-culture with primary myoblasts in the absence of cell contact and is maximal when the two cell types are co-cultured in the same plate. Conversely, in vitro expanded adipose-tissuederived mesenchymal stem cells require direct contact with muscle cells to generate skeletal myotubes. Finally, we show that uncultured adipose-tissue-associated cells have a high regenerative capacity in vivo since they can be incorporated into muscle fibers following ischemia and can restore significantly dystrophin expression in mdx mice.

Key words: Adipose tissue, Myogenic differentiation, Cell transplantation, Muscular dystrophy

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