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First published online July 25, 2006
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.03099

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MBD family proteins: reading the epigenetic code

Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Mail Drop D4-04, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: wadep2{at}niehs.nih.gov)

Accepted 14 June 2006

Methylation of DNA in mammalian cells serves to demarcate functionally specialized regions of the genome and is strongly associated with transcriptional repression. A highly conserved family of DNA-binding proteins characterized by a common sequence motif is widely believed to convert the information represented by methylation patterns into the appropriate functional state. This family, the MBD family, has been characterized at both the biochemical and genetic levels. A key issue, given their highly similar DNA-binding surfaces, is whether the individual MBD proteins bind differentially to distinct regions within the genome and, if so, by what mechanism. Somewhat surprisingly, some MBD family members, such as MeCP2, have considerable selectivity for specific sequences. Other family members, such as MBD2, appear to bind with somewhat relaxed specificity to methylated DNA. Recent genetic and molecular experiments have shed considerable light on these and other issues relevant to the chromosomal biology of this interesting protein family.

Key words: DNA methylation, Transcriptional repression, Epigenetics, Methyl CpG binding protein

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