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First published online October 12, 2006
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.03226

Journal of Cell Science 119, 4143-4153 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
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Commentary

Microtubule nucleation: {gamma}-tubulin and beyond

Christiane Wiese1,* and Yixian Zheng2

1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
2 HHMI and Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: wiese{at}biochem.wisc.edu)

Accepted 23 August 2006

Centrosomes and their fungal equivalents, spindle pole bodies (SPBs), are the main microtubule (MT)-organizing centers in eukaryotic cells. Several proteins have been implicated in microtubule formation by centrosomes and SPBs, including microtubule-minus-end-binding proteins and proteins that bind along the length or stabilize the plus ends of microtubules. Recent work has improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of MT formation. In particular, it has shown that {gamma}-tubulin and its associated proteins play key roles in microtubule nucleation and spindle assembly in evolutionarily distant species ranging from fungi to mammals. Other work indicates that {gamma}-tubulin-mediated microtubule nucleation, although necessary, is not sufficient for mitotic spindle assembly but requires additional proteins that regulate microtubule nucleation independently of centrosomes.

Key words: Centrosome, {gamma}-tubulin, Microtubule, Nucleation, XMAP215, TACC, TPX2, Aurora A


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