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First published online 31 January 2006
doi: 10.1242/jcs.02800

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Connexin31 cannot functionally replace connexin43 during cardiac morphogenesis in mice

¹ Institut für Genetik, Universität Bonn, 53117 Bonn, Germany
² Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
³ University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 Republic of Korea
⁴ Institut für Anatomie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
⁵ Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Canada

^* Corresponding author (e-mail: genetik{at}uni-bonn.de)

Accepted 18 November 2005

In the gastrulating mouse embryo, the gap junction protein connexin43 is expressed exclusively in cells derived from the inner cell mass, whereas connexin31 is expressed in cells of the trophoblast lineage. Since connexin43 and connexin31 do not form heterotypic gap junction channels in exogenous expression systems, such as HeLa cells and Xenopus oocytes, previous studies have suggested that the incompatibility of these two connexins could contribute to the separation of connexin43-expressing and connexin31-expressing compartments between embryo and extraembryonic tissues at gastrulation, respectively. Thus, we have generated connexin43 knock-in connexin31 mice, in which the coding region of the connexin43 gene was replaced by that of connexin31. Interbreeding of heterozygous connexin43 knock-in connexin31 mice resulted in homozygous connexin43 knock-in connexin31 mice, but none of them survived to adulthood. As these mice were born at the expected Mendelian frequency, we conclude that the reported incompatibility of connexin43 and connexin31 to form heterotypic gap junction channels does not interfere with normal embryonic development. Neonatal homozygous connexin43 knock-in connexin31 hearts showed malformation in the subpulmonary outlet of the right ventricle, similar to general connexin43-deficient mice. Electrocardiograms of neonatal hearts in homozygous connexin43 knock-in connexin31 mice revealed significantly low voltage of the QRS complex. This is in contrast to previous results from our laboratory which showed that replacement of connexin43 by connexin40 resulted in morphologically and functionally normal hearts. We conclude that connexin31 cannot functionally replace connexin43 during cardiac morphogenesis.

Key words: Gap junction, Connexin, Knock-in mice, Coupling compartment, Subpulmonary outlet, Low voltage QRS complex

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