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First published online 28 February 2006
doi: 10.1242/jcs.02811
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Research Article |
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
2 Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
3 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
4 Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
5 Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
6 Department of Molecular, Microbial and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
7 Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: pinfen.yang{at}marquette.edu)
Accepted 28 November 2005
The radial spoke is a ubiquitous component of `9+2' cilia and flagella, and plays an essential role in the control of dynein arm activity by relaying signals from the central pair of microtubules to the arms. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii radial spoke contains at least 23 proteins, only 8 of which have been characterized at the molecular level. Here, we use mass spectrometry to identify 10 additional radial spoke proteins. Many of the newly identified proteins in the spoke stalk are predicted to contain domains associated with signal transduction, including Ca2+-, AKAP- and nucleotide-binding domains. This suggests that the spoke stalk is both a scaffold for signaling molecules and itself a transducer of signals. Moreover, in addition to the recently described HSP40 family member, a second spoke stalk protein is predicted to be a molecular chaperone, implying that there is a sophisticated mechanism for the assembly of this large complex. Among the 18 spoke proteins identified to date, at least 12 have apparent homologs in humans, indicating that the radial spoke has been conserved throughout evolution. The human genes encoding these proteins are candidates for causing primary ciliary dyskinesia, a severe inherited disease involving missing or defective axonemal structures, including the radial spokes.
Key words: Axoneme, Chaperones, Calcium, Primary ciliary dyskinesia
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  K. L. Chamberlain, S. H. Miller, and L. R. Keller Gene Expression Profiling of Flagellar Disassembly in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Genetics, May 1, 2008; 179(1): 7 - 19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. Yang, H. A. Owen, and P. Yang Dimeric heat shock protein 40 binds radial spokes for generating coupled power strokes and recovery strokes of 9 + 2 flagella J. Cell Biol., January 28, 2008; 180(2): 403 - 415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. E. Dymek and E. F. Smith A conserved CaM- and radial spoke associated complex mediates regulation of flagellar dynein activity J. Cell Biol., November 5, 2007; 179(3): 515 - 526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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