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First published online July 2, 2007
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.004200

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Cornichon regulates transport and secretion of TGF-related proteins in metazoan cells

Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Program in Cell Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0512, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: rik.derynck{at}ucsf.edu)

Accepted 11 May 2007

Cornichon proteins are structurally related transmembrane proteins that have been studied in and Drosophila and yeast. In Drosophila, Cornichon (Cni) is involved in embryo polarization by the TGF-related Gurken. In yeast, the Cni-related Erv14 is required for axial budding. A cargo receptor function has been proposed for Erv14 and Cni. Four mammalian Cni-like sequences have been identified. We carried out parallel functional analyses of the human Cni ortholog CNIH and Drosophila Cni in the processing and presentation of TGF family proteins. Human CNIH complements the loss of Erv14 in yeast. Human CNIH and Drosophila Cni are primarily localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and associate with immature TGF family proteins. Alterations of cornichon expression result in changes in transport, processing and secretion of TGF proteins. In particular, increased cornichon expression retains TGF proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas cornichon is required for their transport and secretion. Thus, cornichon proteins represent a functionally conserved protein family that acts in the selective transport and maturation of TGF family proteins.

Key words: Cornichon, EGFR, Transport, Secretion, Functional conversation

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