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First published online 17 July 2007
doi: 10.1242/jcs.004556

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Regulation of otic vesicle and hair cell stereocilia morphogenesis by Ena/VASP-like (Evl) in Xenopus

Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: mille380{at}umn.edu)

Accepted 23 May 2007

The inner ear is derived from a thickening in the embryonic ectoderm, called the otic placode. This structure undergoes extensive morphogenetic movements throughout its development and gives rise to all components of the inner ear. Ena/VASP-like (Evl) is an actin binding protein involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and organization. We have examined the role of Evl during the morphogenesis of the Xenopus inner ear. Evl (hereafter referred to as Xevl) is expressed throughout otic vesicle formation and is enriched in the neuroblasts that delaminate to form the vestibulocochlear ganglion and in hair cells that possess mechanosensory stereocilia. Knockdown of Xevl perturbs epithelial morphology and intercellular adhesion in the otic vesicle and disrupts formation of the vestibulocochlear ganglion, evidenced by reduction of ganglion size, disorganization of the ganglion, and defects in neurite outgrowth. Later in embryogenesis, Xevl is required for development of mechanosensory hair cells. In Xevl knockdown embryos, hair cells of the ventromedial sensory epithelium display multiple abnormalities including disruption of the cuticular plate at the base of stereocilia and disorganization of the normal staircase appearance of stereocilia. Based on these data, we propose that Xevl plays an integral role in regulating morphogenesis of the inner ear epithelium and the subsequent development of the vestibulocochlear ganglion and mechanosensory hair cells.

Key words: Otic vesicle, Morphogenesis, Inner ear, Stereocilia, Mechanosensory hair cell, Vestibulocochlear ganglion

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. Trichet, C. Sykes, and J. Plastino Relaxing the actin cytoskeleton for adhesion and movement with Ena/VASP J. Cell Biol., April 3, 2008; 181(1): 19 - 25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]