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First published online August 9, 2007
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.004184

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Necessity of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptor 1 and µ-calpain in NO-induced osteoclast motility

Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, and Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15243, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: robinsonlj{at}msx.upmc.edu; hcblair{at}imap.pitt.edu)

Accepted 5 June 2007

In skeletal remodeling, osteoclasts degrade bone, detach and move to new locations. Mechanical stretch and estrogen regulate osteoclast motility via nitric oxide (NO). We have found previously that NO stimulates guanylyl cyclase, activating the cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PKG1), reversibly terminating osteoclast matrix degradation and attachment, and initiating motility. The PKG1 substrate vasodilator-stimulated protein (VASP), a membrane-attachment-related protein found in complexes with the integrin v3 in adherent osteoclasts, was also required for motility. Here, we studied downstream mechanisms by which the NO-dependent pathway mediates osteoclast relocation. We found that NO-stimulated motility is dependent on activation of the Ca²⁺-activated proteinase µ-calpain. RNA interference (RNAi) showed that NO-dependent activation of µ-calpain also requires PKG1 and VASP. Inhibition of Src kinases, which are involved in the regulation of adhesion complexes, also abolished NO-stimulated calpain activity. Pharmacological inhibition and RNAi showed that calpain activation in this process is mediated by the inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptor 1 [Ins(1,4,5)P₃R1] Ca²⁺ channel. We conclude that NO-induced motility in osteoclasts requires regulated Ca²⁺ release, which activates µ-calpain. This occurs via the Ins(1,4,5)P₃R1.

Key words: Cyclic GMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1, Inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate, Nitric oxide, CAPN1, VASP

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