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First published online 12 September 2007
doi: 10.1242/jcs.012914
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Research Article |
1 The Stem Cell and Chromatin Group, Laboratory of Biology, The University of Ioannina, School of Medicine and The Institute of Biomedical Research (FORTH/BRI), 45 110 Ioannina, Greece
2 Advanced Light Microscopy Facility (ALMF), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
3 Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
4 Tissue Fibrosis and Remodelling Group MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
5 The Division of Tumor Biology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: sgeorgat{at}cc.uoi.gr)
Accepted 18 July 2007
We have compared the distribution of endogenous heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins (
, 
and 
) in different epithelial lines, pluripotent stem cells and embryonic fibroblasts. In parallel, we have interrogated assembly and dynamics of newly expressed HP1-GFP proteins in cells lacking both HP1 and HP1 alleles, blocked at the G1-S boundary, or cultured in the presence of HDAC and HAT inhibitors. The results reveal a range of cell type and differentiation state-specific patterns that do not correlate with `fast' or `slow' subunit exchange in heterochromatin. Furthermore, our observations show that targeting of HP1 to heterochromatic sites depends on HP1 and H1 and that, on an architectural level, HP1 is the most polymorphic variant of the HP1 family. These data provide evidence for HP1 plasticity under shifting microenvironmental conditions and offer a new conceptual framework for understanding chromatin dynamics at the molecular level.
Key words: HP1, Chromatin, Stem cells
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