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First published online 12 September 2007
doi: 10.1242/jcs.012914

Journal of Cell Science 120, 3415-3424 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
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Research Article

Plasticity of HP1 proteins in mammalian cells

George K. Dialynas1, Stefan Terjung2, Jeremy P. Brown3, Rebecca L. Aucott4, Bettina Baron-Luhr5, Prim B. Singh5 and Spyros D. Georgatos1,*

1 The Stem Cell and Chromatin Group, Laboratory of Biology, The University of Ioannina, School of Medicine and The Institute of Biomedical Research (FORTH/BRI), 45 110 Ioannina, Greece
2 Advanced Light Microscopy Facility (ALMF), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
3 Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
4 Tissue Fibrosis and Remodelling Group MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
5 The Division of Tumor Biology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, D-23845 Borstel, Germany

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: sgeorgat{at}cc.uoi.gr)

Accepted 18 July 2007

We have compared the distribution of endogenous heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins ({alpha}, beta and {gamma}) in different epithelial lines, pluripotent stem cells and embryonic fibroblasts. In parallel, we have interrogated assembly and dynamics of newly expressed HP1-GFP proteins in cells lacking both HP1{alpha} and HP1beta alleles, blocked at the G1-S boundary, or cultured in the presence of HDAC and HAT inhibitors. The results reveal a range of cell type and differentiation state-specific patterns that do not correlate with `fast' or `slow' subunit exchange in heterochromatin. Furthermore, our observations show that targeting of HP1{gamma} to heterochromatic sites depends on HP1{alpha} and H1beta and that, on an architectural level, HP1{alpha} is the most polymorphic variant of the HP1 family. These data provide evidence for HP1 plasticity under shifting microenvironmental conditions and offer a new conceptual framework for understanding chromatin dynamics at the molecular level.

Key words: HP1, Chromatin, Stem cells




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