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First published online 28 July 2009
doi: 10.1242/jcs.046789

Journal of Cell Science 122, 2914-2923 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
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Research Article

The dynamic properties of intermediate filaments during organelle transport

Lynne Chang1, Kari Barlan2,*, Ying-Hao Chou2,{ddagger}, Boris Grin2,{ddagger}, Margot Lakonishok2,*, Anna S. Serpinskaya2,*, Dale K. Shumaker2,3, Harald Herrmann4, Vladimir I. Gelfand2,§ and Robert D. Goldman2

1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
2 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
3 Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
4 Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

§ Author for correspondence (vgelfand{at}northwestern.edu)

Intermediate filament (IF) dynamics during organelle transport and their role in organelle movement were studied using Xenopus laevis melanophores. In these cells, pigment granules (melanosomes) move along microtubules and microfilaments, toward and away from the cell periphery in response to {alpha}-melanocyte stimulating hormone ({alpha}-MSH) and melatonin, respectively. In this study we show that melanophores possess a complex network of vimentin IFs which interact with melanosomes. IFs form an intricate, honeycomb-like network that form cages surrounding individual and small clusters of melanosomes, both when they are aggregated and dispersed. Purified melanosome preparations contain a substantial amount of vimentin, suggesting that melanosomes bind to IFs. Analyses of individual melanosome movements in cells with disrupted IF networks show increased movement of granules in both anterograde and retrograde directions, further supporting the notion of a melanosome-IF interaction. Live imaging reveals that IFs, in turn, become highly flexible as melanosomes disperse in response to {alpha}-MSH. During the height of dispersion there is a marked increase in the rate of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of GFP-vimentin IFs and an increase in vimentin solubility. These results reveal a dynamic interaction between membrane bound pigment granules and IFs and suggest a role for IFs as modulators of granule movement.

Key words: Intermediate filament, Melanosome, Transport, Vimentin


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