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First published online August 19, 2009
doi: 10.1242/jcs.052704

Journal of Cell Science 122, 3037-3049 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
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Commentary

Actin machinery and mechanosensitivity in invadopodia, podosomes and focal adhesions

Corinne Albiges-Rizo1,*, Olivier Destaing1, Bertrand Fourcade1,2, Emmanuelle Planus1 and Marc R. Block1

1 INSERM U823 Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS ERL3148, Equipe DySAD, Site Santé, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
2 Université Joseph Fourier, Structure et Propriétés des Architectures Moléculaires, UMR5819 CNRS, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France

* Author for correspondence (corinne.albiges-rizo{at}ujf-grenoble.fr)

This article is part of a Minifocus on invadopodia and podosomes. For further reading, please see related articles: `Invadosomes at a glance' by Stefan Linder (J. Cell Sci. 122, 3009-3013), `Matrix invasion by tumour cells: a focus on MT1-MMP trafficking to invadopodia' by Renaud Poincloux et al. (J. Cell Sci. 122, 3015-3024) and `Mechanisms for transcellular diapedesis: probing and pathfinding by `invadosome-like protrusions" by Christopher V. Carman (J. Cell Sci. 122, 3025-3035).

The invasiveness of cells is correlated with the presence of dynamic actin-rich membrane structures called invadopodia, which are membrane protrusions that are associated with localized polymerization of sub-membrane actin filaments. Similar to focal adhesions and podosomes, invadopodia are cell-matrix adhesion sites. Indeed, invadopodia share several features with podosomes, but whether they are distinct structures is still a matter of debate. Invadopodia are built upon an N-WASP-dependent branched actin network, and the Rho GTPase Cdc42 is involved in inducing invadopodial-membrane protrusion, which is mediated by actin filaments that are organized in bundles to form an actin core. Actin-core formation is thought to be an early step in invadopodium assembly, and the actin core is perpendicular to the extracellular matrix and the plasma membrane; this contrasts with the tangential orientation of actin stress fibers anchored to focal adhesions. In this Commentary, we attempt to summarize recent insights into the actin dynamics of invadopodia and podosomes, and the forces that are transmitted through these invasive structures. Although the mechanisms underlying force-dependent regulation of invadopodia and podosomes are largely unknown compared with those of focal adhesions, these structures do exhibit mechanosensitivity. Actin dynamics and associated forces might be key elements in discriminating between invadopodia, podosomes and focal adhesions. Targeting actin-regulatory molecules that specifically promote invadopodium formation is an attractive strategy against cancer-cell invasion.

Key words: Invadopodia, Podosomes, Actin, Mechanosensitivity, Focal adhesion


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Related articles in JCS:

Invadosomes at a glance
Stefan Linder
JCS 2009 122: 3009-3013. [Full Text]  

Matrix invasion by tumour cells: a focus on MT1-MMP trafficking to invadopodia
Renaud Poincloux, Floria Lizárraga, and Philippe Chavrier
JCS 2009 122: 3015-3024. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Mechanisms for transcellular diapedesis: probing and pathfinding by `invadosome-like protrusions'
Christopher V. Carman
JCS 2009 122: 3025-3035. [Abstract] [Full Text]  



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