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First published online 20 October 2009
doi: 10.1242/jcs.057075

Journal of Cell Science 122, 4099-4108 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
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Research Article

Dynamics and molecular interactions of linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex proteins

Cecilia Östlund1,2, Eric S. Folker2, Jason C. Choi1,2, Edgar R. Gomes2,*, Gregg G. Gundersen2 and Howard J. Worman1,2,{ddagger}

1 Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
2 Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA

{ddagger} Author for correspondence (hjw14{at}columbia.edu)

Accepted 10 September 2009

The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is situated in the nuclear envelope and forms a connection between the lamina and cytoskeletal elements. Sun1, Sun2 and nesprin-2 are important components of the LINC complex. We expressed these proteins fused to green fluorescent protein in embryonic fibroblasts and studied their diffusional mobilities using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. We show that they all are more mobile in embryonic fibroblasts from mice lacking A-type lamins than in cells from wild-type mice. Knockdown of Sun2 also increased the mobility of a short, chimeric form of nesprin-2 giant (mini-nesprin-2G), whereas the lack of emerin did not affect the mobility of Sun1, Sun2 or mini-nesprin-2G. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments showed Sun1 to be more closely associated with lamin A than is Sun2. Sun1 and Sun2 had similar affinity for the nesprin-2 KASH domain in plasmon surface resonance (Biacore) experiments. This affinity was ten times higher than that previously reported between nesprin-2 and actin. Deletion of the actin-binding domain had no effect on mini-nesprin-2G mobility. Our data support a model in which A-type lamins and Sun2 anchor nesprin-2 in the outer nuclear membrane, whereas emerin, Sun1 and actin are dispensable for this anchoring.

Key words: LINC complex, Sun1, Sun2, Nesprin, Nuclear envelope, Lamin, Emerin


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