|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | |||||
Journal of Cell Science, Vol 16, 359-375, Copyright © 1974 by Company of Biologists
Submitted on March 4, 1974
1 Max-Planck-Institut für Virusforschung, Molekularbiologische Abteilung, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, U.S.A.
2 Max-Planck-Institut für Virusforschung, Molekularbiologische Abteilung, Tübingen, Germany
The differentiation of nerve cells and nematocytes in Hydra attenuata has been investigated by labelling interstitial cell precursors with [3H]thymidine and following by autoradiography the appearance of labelled, newly differentiated cells. Nematocyte differentiation occurs only in the gastric region where labelled nematoblasts appear 12 h and labelled nematocytes 72-96 h after addition of [3H]thymidine. Labelled nerves appear in hypostome, gastric region, and basal disk about 18 h after addition of [3H]thymidine. The lag in the appearance of labelled cells includes cell division of the precursor as well as differentiation since nerves and nematocytes have 2n postmitotic nuclear DNA content.
A cell flow model is proposed for interstitial cells and their differentiated products. Stem cells occur as single interstitial cells or in pairs. Per cell generation about 60 % of the daughter cells of stem cell divisions remain stem cells and about 40 % differentiate nerves and nematocytes. Nerves differentiate directly from stem cells in about 1 day. Nematocyte differentiation requires 5-7 days including proliferation of a cluster of 4, 8, 16 or 32 interstitial cells and differentiation of a nematocyst capsule in each cell. The numbers of interstitial cells and nematoblasts predicted by the cell flow model from the rates of nerve differentiation (900 nerves/day/ hydra), nematocyte differentiation (1760 nematocyte nests/day/hydra) and stem cell proliferation (stem cell cycle = 24 h), agree with the numbers of these cells observed in hydra. The number of stem cells per hydra is 3000-6000 depending on assumptions about the time of determination. The ratio of nematocyte to nerve differentiation averaged over the whole hydra is 3:1. In the hypostome and basal disk interstitial cell differentiation occurs exclusively to nerve cells while in the gastric region the ratio of nematocyte to nerve differentiation is about 7:1.
Submitted on March 4, 1974
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. S. Hwang, Y. Takaku, J. Chapman, K. Ikeo, C. N. David, and T. Gojobori Cilium Evolution: Identification of a Novel Protein, Nematocilin, in the Mechanosensory Cilium of Hydra Nematocytes Mol. Biol. Evol., September 1, 2008; 25(9): 2009 - 2017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Hwang, H. Ohyanagi, S. Hayakawa, N. Osato, C. Nishimiya-Fujisawa, K. Ikeo, C. N. David, T. Fujisawa, and T. Gojobori The evolutionary emergence of cell type-specific genes inferred from the gene expression analysis of Hydra PNAS, September 11, 2007; 104(37): 14735 - 14740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Yamada, H. Morimoto, T. Fujisawa, and K. Sugahara Glycosaminoglycans in Hydra magnipapillata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): demonstration of chondroitin in the developing nematocyst, the sting organelle, and structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans Glycobiology, August 1, 2007; 17(8): 886 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Lindgens, T. W. Holstein, and U. Technau Hyzic, the Hydra homolog of the zic/odd-paired gene, is involved in the early specification of the sensory nematocytes Development, January 1, 2004; 131(1): 191 - 201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Engel, S. Oezbek, R. Engel, B. Petri, F. Lottspeich, and T. W. Holstein Nowa, a novel protein with minicollagen Cys-rich domains, is involved in nematocyst formation in Hydra J. Cell Sci., October 15, 2002; 115(20): 3923 - 3934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. B. Brumwell and V. J. Martin Immunocytochemically Defined Populations of Neurons Progressively Increase in Size Through Embryogenesis of Hydra vulgaris Biol. Bull., August 1, 2002; 203(1): 70 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Szczepanek, M. Cikala, and C. N. David Poly-{gamma}-glutamate synthesis during formation of nematocyst capsules in Hydra J. Cell Sci., February 15, 2002; 115(4): 745 - 751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N Harafuji, T Takahashi, M Hatta, H Tezuka, F Morishita, O Matsushima, and T Fujisawa Enhancement of foot formation in Hydra by a novel epitheliopeptide, Hym-323 Development, January 2, 2001; 128(3): 437 - 446. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T Takahashi, O Koizumi, Y Ariura, A Romanovitch, T. Bosch, Y Kobayakawa, S Mohri, H. Bode, S Yum, M Hatta, et al. A novel neuropeptide, Hym-355, positively regulates neuron differentiation in Hydra Development, January 3, 2000; 127(5): 997 - 1005. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G Hager and C. David Pattern of differentiated nerve cells in hydra is determined by precursor migration Development, January 1, 1997; 124(2): 569 - 576. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Bode The interstitial cell lineage of hydra: a stem cell system that arose early in evolution J. Cell Sci., January 6, 1996; 109(6): 1155 - 1164. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Grens, E Mason, J. Marsh, and H. Bode Evolutionary conservation of a cell fate specification gene: the Hydra achaete-scute homolog has proneural activity in Drosophila Development, January 12, 1995; 121(12): 4027 - 4035. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Weber Novel tools for the study of development, migration and turnover of nematocytes (cnidarian stinging cells) J. Cell Sci., January 1, 1995; 108(1): 403 - 412. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
