|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | |||||
Journal of Cell Science, Vol 74, Issue 1 181-191, Copyright © 1985 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
R Kamiya and M Okamoto
A new type of Chlamydomonas mutant, which lacks the outer dynein arm but can swim, was isolated. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that four of the ten high-molecular-weight bands of dynein present in the wild-type axoneme are missing or diminished in the mutant axoneme. The mutant has a swimming rate of about 35 micrometers/s and a flagellar beat frequency of about 25 Hz, both of which are about 1/2.5 to 1/3 of those of the wild type. The mutant flagella beat with an asymmetric, cilia-type pattern, similar to the forward-swimming mode of the flagellar beating pattern of the wild type. However, unlike wild-type flagella, the mutant flagella never beat with a symmetrical waveform: when the cells were stimulated by intense light, the mutant transiently stopped beating its flagella, whereas the wild-type cell transiently swam backwards with the two flagella beating with a symmetrical waveform. Both wild-type and mutant cells could be demembranated by Nonidet P40 and their swimming reactivated by addition of Mg-ATP in the virtual absence of Ca2+. Double reciprocal plots of the beat frequency against ATP concentrations showed a linear relationship for both strains, yielding maximal frequencies of 44 Hz (wild-type) and 23 Hz (mutant). The mutant axonemes can be reactivated only when the Ca2+ concentration is lower than 10(-6) M: at pCa4, the wild-type axonemes beat with a symmetrical waveform, but the mutant axonemes showed no movement. These findings indicate that the outer dynein arm is dispensable for flagellar beating of the asymmetric waveform (forward-swimming mode), but not for beating of the symmetrical waveform (backward-swimming mode), and thus suggest the importance of the outer dynein arm in the switching of flagellar waveforms.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Z. Liu, H. Takazaki, Y. Nakazawa, M. Sakato, T. Yagi, T. Yasunaga, S. M. King, and R. Kamiya Partially Functional Outer-Arm Dynein in a Novel Chlamydomonas Mutant Expressing a Truncated {gamma} Heavy Chain Eukaryot. Cell, July 1, 2008; 7(7): 1136 - 1145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Sakato, H. Sakakibara, and S. M. King Chlamydomonas Outer Arm Dynein Alters Conformation in Response to Ca2+ Mol. Biol. Cell, September 1, 2007; 18(9): 3620 - 3634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. M. Baron, Z. P. Kabututu, and K. L. Hill Stuck in reverse: loss of LC1 in Trypanosoma brucei disrupts outer dynein arms and leads to reverse flagellar beat and backward movement J. Cell Sci., May 1, 2007; 120(9): 1513 - 1520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K.-i. Wakabayashi and S. M. King Modulation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagellar motility by redox poise J. Cell Biol., June 5, 2006; 173(5): 743 - 754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. T. Ahmed and D. R. Mitchell ODA16p, a Chlamydomonas Flagellar Protein Needed for Dynein Assembly Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 2005; 16(10): 5004 - 5012. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Okita, N. Isogai, M. Hirono, R. Kamiya, and K. Yoshimura Phototactic activity in Chlamydomonas 'non-phototactic' mutants deficient in Ca2+-dependent control of flagellar dominance or in inner-arm dynein J. Cell Sci., February 1, 2005; 118(3): 529 - 537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Wargo, M. A. McPeek, and E. F. Smith Analysis of microtubule sliding patterns in Chlamydomonas flagellar axonemes reveals dynein activity on specific doublet microtubules J. Cell Sci., May 15, 2004; 117(12): 2533 - 2544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. M. DiBella, E. F. Smith, R. S. Patel-King, K.-i. Wakabayashi, and S. M. King A Novel Tctex2-related Light Chain Is Required for Stability of Inner Dynein Arm I1 and Motor Function in the Chlamydomonas Flagellum J. Biol. Chem., May 14, 2004; 279(20): 21666 - 21676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sakato and S. M. King Calcium Regulates ATP-sensitive Microtubule Binding by Chlamydomonas Outer Arm Dynein J. Biol. Chem., October 31, 2003; 278(44): 43571 - 43579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Casey, T. Yagi, R. Kamiya, and G. B. Witman DC3, the Smallest Subunit of the Chlamydomonas Flagellar Outer Dynein Arm-docking Complex, Is a Redox-sensitive Calcium-binding Protein J. Biol. Chem., October 24, 2003; 278(43): 42652 - 42659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Yoshimura, Y. Matsuo, and R. Kamiya Gravitaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Studied with Novel Mutants Plant Cell Physiol., October 15, 2003; 44(10): 1112 - 1118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Casey, K. Inaba, G. J. Pazour, S. Takada, K.-i. Wakabayashi, C. G. Wilkerson, R. Kamiya, and G. B. Witman DC3, the 21-kDa Subunit of the Outer Dynein Arm-Docking Complex (ODA-DC), Is a Novel EF-Hand Protein Important for Assembly of Both the Outer Arm and the ODA-DC Mol. Biol. Cell, September 1, 2003; 14(9): 3650 - 3663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Wargo and E. F. Smith Asymmetry of the central apparatus defines the location of active microtubule sliding in Chlamydomonas flagella PNAS, January 7, 2003; 100(1): 137 - 142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Kobayashi, M. Watanabe, Y. Okada, H. Sawa, H. Takai, M. Nakanishi, Y. Kawase, H. Suzuki, K. Nagashima, K. Ikeda, et al. Hydrocephalus, Situs Inversus, Chronic Sinusitis, and Male Infertility in DNA Polymerase {lambda}-Deficient Mice: Possible Implication for the Pathogenesis of Immotile Cilia Syndrome Mol. Cell. Biol., April 15, 2002; 22(8): 2769 - 2776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. King and R. Patel-King Identification of a Ca(2+)-binding light chain within Chlamydomonas outer arm dynein J. Cell Sci., January 12, 1995; 108(12): 3757 - 3764. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E Yokota and I Mabuchi C/A dynein isolated from sea urchin sperm flagellar axonemes. Enzymatic properties and interaction with microtubules J. Cell Sci., January 2, 1994; 107(2): 353 - 361. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Kagami and R. Kamiya Translocation and rotation of microtubules caused by multiple species of Chlamydomonas inner-arm dynein J. Cell Sci., November 1, 1992; 103(3): 653 - 664. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
