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JCS ePress
online publication date 20 Jan 2004
doi: 10.1242/jcs.00878
Research Article
Differences in endosomal targeting of human
1- and
2-adrenergic receptors following clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Wei Liang,
Patricia K. Curran,
Quang Hoang,
R. Travis Moreland,
and
Peter H. Fishman*
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: fishmanp{at}ninds.nih.gov)
The
2-adrenergic receptor (
2AR) undergoes agonist-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits by a process dependent on both arrestins and dynamin. Internalization of some G protein-coupled receptors, however, is independent of arrestins and/or dynamin and through other membrane microdomains such as caveolae or lipid rafts. The human
1AR is less susceptible to agonist-mediated internalization than the
2-subtype, and its endocytic route, which is unknown, may be different. We have found that (i) co-expression of arrestin-2 or -3 enhanced the internalization of both subtypes whereas co-expression of dominant-negative mutants of arrestin-2 or dynamin impaired their internalization, as did inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. (ii) Agonist stimulation increased the phosphorylation of
2AR but not
1AR. (iii) In response to agonist, each subtype redistributed from the cell surface to a distinct population of cytoplasmic vesicles; those containing
1AR were smaller and closer to the plasma membrane whereas those containing
2AR were larger and more perinuclear. (iv) When subcellular fractions from agonist-treated cells were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, all of the internalized
2AR appeared in the lighter endosomal-containing fractions whereas some of the internalized
1AR remained in the denser plasma membrane-containing fractions. (v) Both subtypes recycled with similar kinetics back to the cell surface upon removal of agonist; however, recycling of
2AR but not
1AR was inhibited by monensin. Based on these results, we propose that the internalization of
1AR is both arrestin- and dynamin-dependent and follows the same clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway as
2AR. But during or after endocytosis,
1AR and
2AR are sorted into different endosomal compartments.
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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2004