Myosin IIA is involved in the endocytosis of CXCR4 induced by SDF-1

Endocytosis of chemokine receptors regulates signal transduction initiated by chemokines, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully defined. In this work, we assessed the involvement of the motor protein nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (MIIA) in the endocytosis of CXCR4 induced by SDF-1 (also known as CXCL12) in T lymphocytes. Overexpression of the C-terminal half of MIIA inhibited the ligand-induced endocytosis of CXCR4, but not that of transferrin receptor. Targeting MIIA either by silencing its expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or by blebbistatin treatment also inhibited endocytosis of CXCR4. Inhibition of endocytosis of CXCR4 by targeting endogenous MIIA resulted in an increased migration of T cells induced by SDF-1, and in the inhibition of the HIV-1-Env anti-fusogenic activity of this chemokine. Co-immunoprecipitation and protein-protein binding studies demonstrated that MIIA interacts with both the cytoplasmic tail of CXCR4 and -arrestin. Moreover, SDF-1 promotes a rapid MIIA--arrestin dissociation. Our data reveal a novel role for MIIA in CXCR4 endocytosis, which involves its dynamic association with -arrestin and highlights the role of endogenous MIIA as a regulator of CXCR4 internalization and, therefore, the onset of SDF-1 signaling.