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Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, Vol s2-81, 235-271, Copyright © 1939 by Company of Biologists
1 Department of Zoology, Columbia University, New York
The Golgi apparatus has been studied in nearly all tissues of larvae and adults of a number of Amphibia. In every case the apparatus is lamellar in structure. In all epithelia, except the simple squamous and the specialized cells of the liver and peptic glands, the Golgi apparatus approximates the form of a vertical collar, most commonly encircling the distal part of the nucleus and projecting into the distal end of the cell. In leucocytes and flbroblasts the Golgi apparatus takes the form of a horizontal collar near the approximate centre of the main cytoplasmic mass. The Golgi apparatus of smooth muscle-fibres and of myocardium is developed from the condition in leucocytes by elongation of the ring. The apparatus is greatly extended throughout the central region of the cytoplasm in cartilage and bone cells, and in odontoblasts; and in these types there is a condition where the width of the Golgi plates approximates the thickness, resulting in a filamentous structure. In nervecells of the spinal cord and medulla, and in the smaller nervecells of cranial, spinal, and sympathetic ganglia, the Golgi apparatus is in the form of a single complex plate-work. In large cranial ganglionic cells of larvae the apparatus consists of a considerable number of separate platelets.
Measurements of the lamellae that are the basis of structure of the Golgi apparatus, in all types of cells of all animals studied, shows that the thickness is very uniform, approximating 0.2 micron, regardless of the shape of the apparatus as a whole. Data on the form of the apparatus, and on the mode of distortion of the lamellar structure when the cell shape is altered by pressure, indicate that the lamellae have the properties of an elastic solid.
On the basis of orientation of centrioles and Golgi apparatus all cells of Amphibia that have been studied may be assigned to one of two groups: A, the epithelial, or physiologically polarized type; or B, the leucocyte, or physiologically unpolarized type.
