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Multiple forms of SNARE complexes in exocytosis from chromaffin cells: effects of Ca2+, MgATP and botulinum toxin type A

Gary W. Lawrence and J. Oliver Dolly*

Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, UK



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Fig. 1. Ca2+ induces the formation of multiple MgATP-dissociatable complexes in situ. Chromaffin cells were permeabilised with 20 µM digitonin in KGEP and maintained in the absence or presence of 20 µM Ca2+, with or without the inclusion of 2 mM MgATP. After 15 minutes, aliquots were removed and assayed for catecholamines. Cells in some wells were solubilised in Triton X-100 and used to estimate the total amount of catecholamine remaining and the amounts released (A) were expressed (±s.d. n=4) as a percentage of the total cell content, calculated by summing the amounts released with the level remaining. The remaining cells were lysed in KGEP, 2 mM PMSF was added and membrane-enriched fractions were isolated, as detailed in the Materials and Methods. The latter were dissolved in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 5.8 containing 1% SDS before adding 4x sample buffer and being subjected to SDS-PAGE. The separated proteins were either transferred directly to PVDF (B) or extracted from the gel by boiling in fresh sample buffer and re-electrophoresed before transfer (C). The PVDF membranes were blotted with antibodies raised against recombinant SNAP-25. Immunodetection of primary antibody binding was performed as described in Materials and Methods. Note that the left and right panels show signals for two different bands (Mr=25 K and 83 K, respectively).

 


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Fig. 2. Detection of synaptobrevin and syntaxin in the multiple SNARE complexes in situ. Aliquots of the samples used in Fig. 1C were subjected to SDS-PAGE and western blotting with antibodies raised against a synthetic synaptobrevin peptide (A) or monoclonal HPC1, which is specific for syntaxin (B).

 


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Fig. 3. BoNT/A alters the ratio of SNAREs in complexes. (A) Control and BoNT/A-pre-treated chromaffin cells (see Materials and Methods) were permeabilised with 20 µM digitonin in KGEP, in the absence or presence of 20 µM Ca2+. After 45 minutes, 2 mM PMSF was added, the cells were lysed and a membrane-enriched fraction prepared. Two-dimensional SDS-PAGE and western blotting was performed, as described in Figs 1 and 2. (B) Cells were treated as in (A), except that 15 minutes after permeabilisation the cells were exposed to 100 µg/ml trypsin for 30 minutes.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2002