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First published online August 13, 2003
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.00735

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Phosphorylation of serine 10 in histone H3, what for?

Claude Prigent1,* and Stefan Dimitrov2

1 Groupe Cycle Cellulaire, UMR 6061 Génétique et Développement, CNRS, 250 Université de Rennes I, IFR 97 Génomique Fonctionnelle et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, 2 avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, CS 34317, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
2 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de la Différenciation, INSERM U 309, Institut Albert Bonniot, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France



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  		Fig. 1. The histone H3 tail. Amino acid sequence around serine 10 of H3 showing both lysine residues that can be acetylated (Ac) and/or methylated (Met) as indicated.

 


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  		Fig. 2. Ser10 phosphorylation during cell cycle progression. Chromatin containing histone H3 phosphorylated at Ser10 is indicated in red, chromatin containing unphosphorylated Ser10 is grey, centrosomes are blue and microtubules green. Ser10 phosphorylation begins in G2 at pericentromeric chromatin, is complete in prophase and decreases upon exit from mitosis.

 


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  		Fig. 3. PP1 and aurora B. (A) The function of aurora B and PP1 in H3 Ser10 phosphorylation. Ser10 is phosphorylated by aurora B in mitosis and dephosphorylated by PP1 that can also dephosphorylate and inactivate aurora B. (B) Potential consensus sequences for the type 1 phosphatase-binding site in human aurora kinases. (C) Alignment of a segment of aurora B from C. elegans, D. melanogaster, X. laevis, M. musculus, R. norvegicus and H. sapiens containing the end of the kinase subdomain 1 and the conserved potential PP1-binding site.

 


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  		Fig. 4. Comparison between histone H3 Ser10 and Ser28. The sequence around H3 Ser10 and H3 Ser28. Both sequences correspond to the same consensus sequence: ARKS - easy to remember as `aurora-related kinase serine'.

 


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  		Fig. 5. Comparison between the histone H3 and CENP-A tails. Sequence alignment of the histone H3 and CENPA tails. The aurora-B-phosphorylation sites are indicated.

 


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  		Fig. 6. The `ready production label' model. Ser10 phosphorylation reaches its maximum in metaphase. Upon metaphase/anaphase transition the phosphorylation must be removed. The presence of phosphorylated Ser10 signals to the cell that it has reached the metaphase stage, but this is independent of the condensation state of the chromosome.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2003