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doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.00299


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Sterol-rich plasma membrane domains in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Volker Wachtler, Srividya Rajagopalan and Mohan K. Balasubramanian*

Cell Division Laboratory, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, The National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604



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Fig. 1. Sterols localise to distinct sites of the plasma membrane. (A) Sterol localisation detected by filipin staining in wild-type cells. (B) Frequency of filipin staining patterns denoted in A in an exponentially growing wild-type culture.

 


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Fig. 2. Sterol localisation correlates with sites of active cell growth and cytokinesis. Sterol localisation detected by filipin staining in (A) nitrogen-starved cells, (B) cells released from nitrogen starvation for 80 minutes, (C) cdc10-V50 cells at 36°C, (E) glucose-starved cells, (F) cells grown in medium with glucose, (G) cdc25-22 cells at 36°C, (H) orb1-13 cells at 36°C, (I) a branched TBZ-treated cdc10-V50 cell, (J) mating cells, (K) ascospores and (L) mid1-18 cells at 36°C. (D) Localisation of CHD-GFP in cdc10-V50 cells.

 


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Fig. 3. Sterol localisation to the middle of the cell during mitosis and cytokinesis. cdc25-22 hht2GFP rlc1GFP cells were synchronised and released to the permissive temperature (18°C). Samples were taken at the indicated time points after release, stained with filipin and observed for GFP and filipin fluorescence.

 


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Fig. 4. Sterol localisation to the middle of the cell requires a functional secretory pathway but not an intact F-actin or microtubule cytoskeleton. (A,C) cdc25-22 cells were synchronised and released to the permissive temperature (24°C). Cells were released into medium containing (A) 100 µM LatA or 1% (v/v) DMSO as solvent control, or (C) 100 µM BFA or 1% (v/v) EtOH as solvent control. Samples were taken 60 minutes after release and stained with filipin. (B,D) Sterol localisation detected by filipin staining in (B) nda3-KM311 cells at 18°C and cells overexpressing mad2+ under the nmt1-promotor, and (D) cdc7-24 cells at 36°C. Arrows indicate strong medial staining in A and faint medial staining in C and D. Arowheads indicate additional asymmetric patches of sterol-rich membrane.

 


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Fig. 5. Structural alterations of sterol-rich membrane domains affect cytokinesis in S. pombe. (A,B) cdc4GFP cells were grown for 1 hour in medium containing 5 µg/ml filipin or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO as solvent control. Arrow indicates mis-shapen Cdc4-GFP ring; arrowhead indicates Cdc4-GFP spots. (C) cdc4GFP cells overexpressing C-4 sterol methyl oxidase under the nmt1-promotor. (D,E) Quantitation of localisation patterns. Bars in D represent filipin-treated cells (grey) and DMSO-treated cells (white); bars in E represent cells overexpressing C-4 sterol methyl oxidase (dark grey), control cells with empty vector (light grey) and control cells in 15 µM thiamine (white).

 


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Fig. 6. Structural alterations of sterol-rich membrane domains compromise the stability of a colocalising plasma membrane protein. (A,B) bgs4GFP cells were grown for 1 hour in medium containing 5 µg/ml filipin or 0.1% (v/v) DMSO as solvent control. (C) Equal amounts (11.5 µg each) of total protein from filipin- or DMSO-treated cells were analysed by immunoblotting and probed with anti-GFP antibodies. The signal strength was quantified and plotted as relative units.

 

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