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First published online October 30, 2006
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.03242

Journal of Cell Science 119, 4381-4389 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
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Neuron-glia communication in the control of oligodendrocyte function and myelin biogenesis

Mikael Simons1,2,* and Katarina Trajkovic1,2

1 Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
2 Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Neuronal and glial signals in the regulation of myelin biogenesis. (A) An electron micrograph of myelinated nerve fibers within the optic nerve. (B) (1) Astrocytes and/or neurons release several growth/trophic factors factors, such as PDGF, FGF-2, IGF-1, NT-3 and CNTF that regulate oligodendrocyte proliferation and/or survival. (2) Membrane-associated or soluble neuregulin binds the ErbB receptor on oligodendrocytes to promote survival and maturation of oligodendrocytes. (3) Interaction of the Notch 1 receptor with Jagged 1 inhibits the differentiation of oligodendrocytes. (4) An increase in electrical activity causes the release of promyelinating factors such as LIF from astrocytes (4a), adenosine from neurons (4b) and changes the expression level of axonal cell adhesion molecules (4c).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Neurons organize the membrane-trafficking machinery in oligodendrocytes. In the absence of neurons, PLP is internalized and stored in late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/L) via a cholesterol-dependent endocytosis pathway. After receiving signals from neurons, the rate of endocytosis is reduced and transport from LE/L to the plasma membrane is triggered.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Molecular composition of domains at the node of Ranvier. Components of the nodes include neurofascin-186, NrCAM and voltage-gated Na+ channels, which are tethered to a complex containing ankyrin G and ßIV-spectrin. The paranodes contain a complex of Caspr, contactin and 4.1B at the axonal membrane, which binds to neurofascin-155 on the paranodal loop. The multiprotein complex in the juxtaparanode contains a cis complex of Caspr2 and TAG-1, which interact with 4.1B and a PDZ-domain-containing protein associated with the two shaker-type K+ channels, Kv1.1 and 1.2. This complex is linked through a trans interaction with TAG-1 to the glial membrane.

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2006