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First published online December 11, 2006
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.03293


Journal of Cell Science 119, 5015-5020 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
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Outcomes of p53 activation - spoilt for choice

Karen H. Vousden

Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK


Figure 1
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Fig. 1. Some of the possible mechanisms through which promoter selection of p53 can be regulated. On the left are mechanisms that contribute to the activation of a cell-cycle-arrest response. These include cooperation with other transcription factors, such as Miz, which may be necessary for activation of cell-cycle-arrest genes like p21WAF1/CIP1, as well as factors that repress the induction of apoptotic gene expression. On the right, are mechanisms that promote cell death through activation of apoptotic target genes. These may depend on increased levels of p53 protein, cooperating transcription factors such as NF-{kappa}B, p53-binding proteins like ASPP, or post-translational modification of p53. Acetylation (Ac) has been linked to both increased and decreased expression of apoptotic target genes. These possibilities may be linked - for example, phosphorylation enhances interaction with proteins such as ASPP.

 

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Fig. 2. Choice of response to p53 may reflect differential regulation of cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic and survival promoters. Low or repairable levels of stress or damage result in the induction of cell cycle arrest, and repair and survival signals by p53. More severe, irreparable or oncogenic stress leads to the activation of apoptotic signals, possibly accompanied by a decrease in expression of the survival genes (Bensaad et al., 2006Go).

 

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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2006