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First published online February 8, 2006
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.02855

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Regulation of membrane traffic by phosphoinositide 3-kinases

Department of Biochemistry, Norwegian Radium Hospital and University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Biochemical activities of PI 3-kinases. The substrates and catalytic products of class I, II and III PI 3-kinases are indicated.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Regulation of endocytic membrane trafficking by PI 3-kinases. The figure gives an overview of membrane trafficking in the endocytic pathway. Effectors of PtdIns(3)P are indicated in blue. EE, early endosome; MVE/LE, multivesicular endosome/late endosome; MT, microtubule; RE, recycling endosome; TGN, trans-Golgi network. Arrow thickness corresponds to the magnitude of various trafficking pathways indicated.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Regulation of phagocytosis and macropinocytosis by PI 3-kinases. The involvement of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 effectors in macropinocytosis (left) and phagocytosis (right) are indicated in red. PtdIns(3)P effectors needed for macropinocytosis or phagosome maturation are indicated in blue. Arrow thickness corresponds to the magnitude of various trafficking pathways indicated.

View larger version (50K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Regulation of autophagy in Drosophila by PI 3-kinases. Autophagy is known to be regulated by both the class I and the class III PI 3-kinases. The class III PI 3-kinase is required for autophagy through producing PtdIns(3)P via the autophagy-specific complex containing Beclin-1, Vps15 and hVps34. (In yeast, an additional accessory protein, Vps14, has been shown to be part of the complex.) By contrast, the class I PI 3-kinase inhibits autophagy by activating the Akt/PKB pathway. The insect hormone ecdysone acts through nuclear receptors and triggers programmed autophagy in the Drosophila fat body by downregulating the class I PI 3-kinase pathway through an unknown mechanism. The overexpression of the PI 3-phosphatase PTEN mimics this effect.

View larger version (47K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. PI 3-kinases in membrane trafficking. The figure summarizes the involvement of PI 3-kinases in trafficking pathways discussed in this review. PI 3-kinases (catalytic subunits) are indicated in green. ER, endoplasmic reticulum; EE, early endosome; G4V, GLUT4-containing vesicle; LE, late endosome; MVE, multivesicular endosome; PAS, pre-autophagosomal structure; RE, recycling endosome; SG, secretory granule.

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