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Live analysis of lagging chromosomes during anaphase and their effect on spindle elongation rate in fission yeast

Alison L. Pidoux1,2, Satoru Uzawa2, Paul E. Perry1, W. Zacheus Cande2 and Robin C. Allshire1

1Chromosome Biology Section, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK

2Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Life Science Addition, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA




Time-lapse sequences of cells expressing GFP-Swi6, which localises to the centromeres, telomeres and diffusely in the nucleoplasm (S. pombe has a closed mitosis). Movies play at 300¥ speed compared to real time. For additional information please see text and figure legends.




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Fig. 2A.

Dynamic movement of the fission yeast. Sequence of interphase (G2) cell expressing GFP-Swi6p (HM123P) obtained with DeltaVision deconvolution light microscope. Images are projections of stack of images through the cell that have been subjected to iterative deconvolution. The time interval between stacks is 1 minute. The other, less mobile, GFP-Swi6p spots are the telomeres, and mating type locus.





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Fig. 2B.

Interphase (G2) cell expressing GFP-Swi6p and GFP-tubulin (strain 2693). A bright GFP-Swi6p spot (centromeres) moves in parallel with the cytoplasmic MTs.





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Fig. 2C.

Cell expressing GFP-Swi6p and GFP-tubulin. Centromere/SPB region associates with MTs of the post-anaphase array of MTs. The nucleus is deformed as it is dragged towards the centre of the daughter cell.





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Fig. 2D.

Time-lapse microscopy of strain 2693 (GFP-Swi6 and GFP-tubulin) was performed in the absence and presence of the microtubule-disrupting drug TBZ (cells go out of focus as TBZ is added and GFP labelled MTs disappear). Movement of bright centromeric GFP-Swi6 spots is dramatically reduced in the presence of TBZ.





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Fig. 3A.

Cell in mitosis progressing from early anaphase B though to movement of daughter nuclei back towards the new cell centres.





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Fig. 3B.

High resolution images taken from a sequence of a cell in early anaphase B. Individual centromeres can be distinguished at the poles.





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Fig. 3C.

Sequence obtained with DeltaVision light microscope of G2 cell entering mitosis. De-clustering of centromeres and telomeres at the start of mitosis can be clearly seen.





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Fig. 5A.

Normal mitosis in a mutant, no lagging chromosome.





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Fig. 5B.

Class 1: a chromosome lags behind the main mass of the upper daughter nucleus.





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Fig. 5C.

Class 1: a chromosome is observed lagging briefly but catches up.





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Fig. 5D.

Class 2: a chromosome fails to move towards either pole.





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Fig. 5E.

Class 3: a lagging chromosome fails to reach the pole during the period of observation.





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Fig. 5F.

Class 4: uneven segregation with a lagging chromosome moving to the bottom pole.





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Fig. 5G.

Class 5: a chromosome moves first towards the upper pole, then changes direction and moves to the lower pole.





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Fig. 5H.

Class 5: a chromosome moves first towards the upper pole, then changes direction, oscillates, and eventually joins with the upper daughter nucleus.





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Fig. 5I.

Class 6: a chromosome moves towards the upper pole, then moves towards the lower pole but becomes stranded between the mid-zone and the lower pole.





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Fig. 5J.

Class 6: a chromosome moves first towards the lower pole, but changes direction, oscillates and becomes stranded, a second chromosome moves away from the upper pole and also becomes stranded.





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Fig. 8.

csp10-2 csp10 cell with a lagging chromosome (strain 2493).





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