Fig. 1. Scheme illustrating the hypothesis of insulin-induced insulin release system in adipocytes. If (pro)insulin produced in adipocytes is to be included in GLUT4 vesicles, then (pro)insulin would need to be released in parallel with exocytosis of the GLUT4 vesicle in response to exogenous insulin stimulation. This would require the mechanism by which insulin receptor signaling causes movement of the GLUT4 vesicle from the intracellular pool to the plasma membrane and subsequently amplifies the insulin action through its own receptor via the autocrine mechanism.

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