Fig. 9. Visualization of expansion and contraction behavior through use of a geodesically structured support network using the Hoberman Sphere created by the designer, Chuck Hoberman (Hoberman Toys, Inc.). This single structure, which is shown in three states of expansion in this figure, uses scissor-like struts that extend in a coordinated manner via a kinematic mechanism to provide large-scale shape changes in the entire structure without disrupting network integrity. In geodesic molecular networks, such as the submembranous cytoskeleton or viral capsids, extension is largely driven by molecular shape changes (e.g. elongation of individual spectrin molecules or viral proteins).

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