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Fig. 1. Cellularization links embryonic cleavage to the formation of an epithelial layer. The plasma membrane (PM, green) invaginates between the nuclei (N, black) located at the cortex of the syncytial embryo shown at the onset (A) and at the end (B) of cellularization. When cellularization is completed, 5000 columnar epithelial cells are formed. The apical adherens junctions (AAJ, red in B) have assembled and ensure the cohesion of the epithelial layer. Cellularization is thus associated with the growth and polarization of the cell surface. (C,D) Confocal sections of a cellularizing embryo during slow phase (C) and at the end of fast phase (D) corresponding to the boxed areas shown in A and B. The embryos are stained with antibodies to the integral membrane protein neurotactin (Nrt, green) that marks the entire cell surface, to the junctional protein PaTJ (turquoise) that marks the membrane front called the furrow canal (FC), to the small GTPase Rab11 (red), a marker of apical recycling endosomes (see Fig. 2), and with the DNA dye Hoechst (Hoe, dark blue) to show the nuclei. Bar, 5 µm.

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