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Fig. 1. Effect of cyclic stretching on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. (A) A protocol of cyclic stretching during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and phase-contrast microscopic images of 3T3-L1 cells undergoing differentiation into adipocytes with or without stretching. Confluent cultures of 3T3-L1 cells grown on a collagen-coated elastic silicon membrane were induced to undergo differentiation with or without cyclic stretching. (a) Undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells at confluence. (b) 3T3-L1 cells induced without cyclic stretching for 45 hours after incubation in induction medium containing DEX, MIX, INS and FBS (DEX/MIX/INS). (c) Oil-Red-O-stained image of post-maturation-period cells that were not subjected to cyclic stretching during the induction period. (d) 3T3-L1 cells induced with cyclic stretching to 130% of the original size at a frequency of 1Hz for 45 hours after incubation in the induction medium. (e) Oil-Red-O-stained image of post-maturation-period cells that were subjected to cyclic stretching during the induction period. The arrows in (d,e) represent the direction of the stretching. (B,C) Relative GPDH activity (B) and triglyceride content (C) during the post-maturation period in 3T3-L1 cells with (grey) or without (black) various amount of cyclic stretching (rest, 110%, 120%, 130% and 175%; 1 Hz each) during the induction period (n=4; **P<0.01).
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