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Fig. 1. Nuclear and nucleolar localization of NIK. (A) Immunofluorescent staining of endogenous NIK in the breast cancer cell line MB-MDA-231 indicates predominant nuclear localization of NIK in these cells. (B) Top: schematic drawing of NIK showing the predicted nuclear localization sequence (amino acids 143-149, black box) and two potential nuclear export sequences, as predicted by computer search (hatched boxes). Bottom: truncation mutants of YFP-NIK lacking either the first or both of the putative nuclear export sequences accumulate in the nucleus and nucleolar-like structures as assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. 293 cells were transiently transfected with the fusion constructs using the calcium phosphate method and moderately expressing cells were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. (C) Verification of the nucleolar localization of YFP-NIK truncation mutants. 293 cells were transfected as described before using YFP-NIK(1-769), YFP-NIK(1-794) or full length YFP-NIK together with CFP-L23, a ribosomal protein accumulating in nucleoli. (D) Immunofluorescent staining of endogenous NIK in the breast cancer cell line MB-MDA-231 and counterstaining with DAPI. Nucleolar structures are indicated by arrows.





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