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Fig. 5. Mutant HTLV-1 unable to interact with hDlg shows reduced Env-triggered syncytia formation between T-lymphocytes. (A) Images of Jurkat T cells in culture 36 h after transfection with either wild-type (XMT-WT), envelope mutated (XMT-Env-S486L) or envelope deleted (XMT-delta Env) HTLV-1 provirus. The arrowheads point to gigantic syncitia detectable in cultures of cells expressing wild-type HTLV-1. (B) Thirty six hours after transfection, Jurkat T-cells were concentrated to 10⁷ cells/ml and seeded onto glass slides for 30 minutes minutes to favour cell-to-cell contacts between transfected and nontransfected cells. Viral Env and Gag proteins are detected as described in the legend of Fig. 4A. The left rows show single optical planes as recorded in the red (Env) and green (Gag) channels by confocal microscopy; DAPI staining showing cells nucleus (DAPI) and a contrast phase recording showing the overall cell structure (contrast) are also presented.

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