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Fig. 3. Fission yeast Pak1. As in budding yeast, fission yeast Pak1 is part of a multicomponent complex, which contains the adaptor Scd2 (Bem1 ortholog), Scd1 (Cdc24 ortholog) and Cdc42. Pak1 is positively regulated by Skb1 and Skb5, and negatively by Skb15. Pak1 activates the mating cascade by physically interacting with Byr2 and affects cell polarity by phosphorylating Tea1 and the Rho-GAP Rga8. Pak1 also genetically interacts with Orb6 as well as with Gef1, a GEF for Cdc42. Byr2 is also regulated by Ras1 and Gpa1 (the G{alpha} subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein). Ras1 also signals through Scd1. The link between pheromone receptors Mam2/Map3 and Pak1 is not established yet; also it is not known whether the Byr2-Byr1-Spk1 MAPK cascade associates with a scaffold protein. Pak1 and Skb1 directly bind to Cdc2 and inhibit mitosis. Orb6 delays mitosis in a Cdc2-dependent manner (Verde et al., 1998) and is regulated by Skb1 to control cell polarity (Wiley et al., 2003).





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