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Fig. 4. Reversibility and kinetics of nuclear swelling. (A) After swelling finished in a time (t_eq), the relative surface area expansion ( ${alpha}$ ) could be reversed with addition of dextrans (50 mg/ml). Swollen nuclei are also significantly deflated by addition of 5% Triton X-100 detergent ( ${triangleup}$ ) as water and solutes flow through the perforated nucleus. The nuclei remain visibly intact, nonetheless. (B) Swelling (of four nuclei) shows an initial linear increase in ${alpha}$ with equilibration at t_eq=500 seconds. (C) Swelling was systematically reduced by addition of either 500 kDa dextran () or 500 kDa dextran sulfate ( ${circ}$ ), but concentrations of dextrans >50 mg/ml do not compress nuclei relative to their original size.

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