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Fig. 1. TNFR1-induced pathways modulating apoptosis. Formation of complex I leads to NF-{kappa}B activation, Gadd45ß induction, JNK inhibition and cell survival. Formation of complex II leads to caspase-8/10-mediated cleavage of Bid into tBid, which then targets mitochondria to induce cytochrome c release and, ultimately, cell death. The figure also depicts JNK activation, which results in formation of jBid; this promotes PCD by triggering release of Smac/Diablo into the cytosol, inhibiting the TRAF2-IAP1 complex and consequently activating caspase-8. The Gadd45ß-MKK7 interaction linking the JNK and NF-{kappa}B pathways is also shown.





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