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Fig. 4. VP8 induces changes in the tight junction (TJ) strand organization observed by freeze-fracture. The upper panel shows representative freeze-fracture images of control (A) and VP8 (4 µg/ml) treated monolayers (B). In the latter several loose ends (arrowheads) are found between regions where the network is profound and complex (asterisks). P=protoplasmic face; E=exoplasmic face; Bar, 200 nm. The lower panel corresponds to the morphometric results obtained from 1239 and 1124 TJ sites analyzed for the control (white bars) and VP8-treated monolayers (black bars), respectively. The distribution of the number of TJ strands and the total amount of junction were studied as described in the Materials and Methods section.