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Fig. 4. Effects of exogenous 4.1R expression on microtubule nucleation and retention at the centrosome. Cells were treated with nocodazole to promote microtubule disassembly and then washed to allow microtubule regrowth. At the indicated times, untransfected (A) and transfected (B) cells were fixed and triple labeled with the following antibodies: YL1/2 to detect microtubules (tubulin); GTU-88 to detect
-tubulin (
-tubulin); and 10b to detect endogenous and exogenous 4.1R (4.1R). Notice that, in cells with disorganized microtubules,
-tubulin remains at the centrosome, whereas centrosomal 4.1R does not. The images of untransfected (A) and transfected (B) cells were taken from the same field. The images are projections of optical-section stacks acquired by confocal microscopy and insets are enlargements showing the distribution of each protein at the centrosome. Bar, 20 µm.