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Fig. 4. (A) Expression results of the transgene by northern analysis: RNA was isolated from human, non-transgenic and transgenic mouse testes analyzed by northern analysis using PCR products specific to the human PRM1, PRM2 and conserved ß-actin transcripts as probes. Autoradiographic images were quantitated and the mean integrated intensities standardized to the 28S ribosomal RNA. The relative level of each of the PRM1, PRM2 transcripts in the transgenic mice were similar to that observed for human testes, indicating that only one copy of the transgene was being expressed. ß-actin, which hybridizes to both the mouse and human transcripts, served as the control. (B) Comparison of relative IFN-ß production and the copy number of transgenes. The IFN-ß protein level was determined by an IFN test. Four transfected cell lines with 2, 2-4, 20 and 100 copies of transgenes respectively, showing the non-linear relationship between the expression level and the number of insertions.