|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | |||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Files in this Data Supplement:
Movie 1. Cell cleavage in grasshopper spermatocytes. Images were taken every minute with a digital enhanced polarization microscope. Following anaphase, mitochondria accumulate at the midzone and later move along microtubules toward the poles as the central spindle forms. Furrow induction occurs at the midzone and, once ingressed, symmetrically bisects the central spindle and cell. Display rate, 10 frames/second (movie corresponds to Fig. 1A).
Movie 2. Cleavage in a cell with an asymmetric microtubule distribution induced by the X chromosome. Images were taken every minute with a digital enhanced polarization microscope. Following manipulation, microtubule density increases at the X chromosome bearing pole, redistributing mitochondria to the shifted midzone, where the cleavage furrow initiates. During ingression, the furrow follows the position of the midzone that becomes progressively more symmetric as the central spindle reorganizes. However, the initial asymmetry with respect to the cells remains during cleavage. Display rate, 10 frames/second (movie corresponds to Fig. 3A).
Movie 3. A shifted contractile ring in a fixed cell with asymmetric microtubule distribution induced by the X chromosome. Following fixation, the cell was stained for microtubules (green), actin filaments (red), and the chromosome (blue). Twenty five optical slices were acquired, overlaid, and reconstructed to produce a three-dimensional rendering. Display rate, 10 frames/second (movie corresponds to Fig. 3B, g).
Movie 4. Cleavage in a cell with an enhanced asymmetric microtubule distribution in a monopolar spindle associated with the X chromosome. Images were taken every two minutes with a digital enhanced polarization microscope. Following manipulation, microtubules are stabilized by the X chromosome and remaining pole, excluding mitochondria to their plus ends. Following anaphase microtubules reorganize to form an asymmetric central spindle and midzone, where mitochondria accumulate and cell cleavage is initiated. Despite continued pseudopole elongation during ingression, which re-establishes central spindle symmetry repositions the furrow, the initial asymmetry to the cell remains. Display rate, 10 frames/second (movie corresponds to Fig. 4A).
Movie 5. Cleavage in cut cells with dramatic microtubule asymmetry in a half spindle. Images were taken every minute with a digital enhanced polarization microscope. Following cell cutting, chromosomes continue to move poleward while mitochondria are excluded to the cut edge of the half spindle. As chromosomes reach the pole, mitochondria move back along spindle microtubules as a pseudopole forms at the cut edge. Cleavage furrow initiation is extremely asymmetric with respect to the central spindle and cell. During ingression, however, the furrow becomes gradually more symmetric as the pseudopole continues to elongate and shift the midzone. Thus, the ingressed furrow is rather symmetric to the central spindle but asymmetric to the cell. Display rate, 10 frames/second (movie corresponds to Fig. 5A).
| ||||||||||||||||||||
