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Fig. 1. High glucose and peroxynitrite inactivate VEGF pro-survival and accelerate endothelial cell death. Statistical analysis of caspase-3 activity showing significant increases in apoptosis in cells treated with peroxynitrite (PN) or cultured in high glucose (HG) compared to normal glucose (NG). Exogenous VEGF (40 ng/ml) protected cells cultured in normal glucose from serum starvation-induced apoptosis but did not rescue cells cultured in high glucose or peroxynitrite. FeTPPS (2.5 µM) a specific peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst restored the pro-survival effect of VEGF in cells maintained in high glucose cultures. Similar results were obtained in another three experiments. (*P<0.05 compared to NG, P<0.05 compared to HG.)





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