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Fig. 1. Meiotic ${gamma}$ -H2AX foci encompass cohesin-axis assembly. Early stages of male meiosis after double immunolabelling for the cohesin subunit SMC3 (green in first column) and the histone variant ${gamma}$ -H2AX (red in second column). Merged images (SMC3 and ${gamma}$ -H2AX) are presented in the forth column. The third column shows chromatin organisation (DAPI staining, blue). All images correspond to the accumulative superimposition of several focal planes. A progressive increase in the cohesin-axis maturation and the number of ${gamma}$ -H2AX foci can be detected. (A-D) Pre-leptotene. Short SMC3 stretches are detected in a discrete nuclear region (A). Few ${gamma}$ -H2AX foci (B) are located on these SMC3 threads (D). From early (E-H) up to late (I-L) leptotene, the maturation and linear organisation of the axes occur concomitantly with an increase of ${gamma}$ -H2AX foci. All ${gamma}$ -H2AX foci are located over the cohesin axes. (M-P) Zygotene spermatocyte characterised by the presence of parallel thick SMC3 threads located at a discrete region of the nucleus, denoting a bouquet-like organisation. Notice that in these stages no ${gamma}$ -H2AX staining is detected on the sex chromosome (X). Bar, 10 µm.

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