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Fig. 3. The ability of T. gondii to prevent the nuclear accumulation of NF-{kappa}B does not depend on I{kappa}B family members. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of T. gondii-infected 3T3 cells doubly deficient in I{kappa}Bß and I{kappa}B{epsilon} demonstrates lack of nuclear accumulation of NF-{kappa}B. Anti-p65 (red) staining reveals cytoplasmic localization in uninfected cells and nuclear accumulation in cells stimulated with TNF-{alpha} for 1 hour. `DAPI' indicates staining of host cell and parasite nuclei (blue). Yellow triangles indicate parasite-containing vacuoles, and infection times are indicated in the top left corner of each panel. Similarly, nuclear accumulation was not observed following infection of I{kappa}B{alpha}/I{kappa}Bß or I{kappa}B{alpha}/I{kappa}B{epsilon} dKO cells (data not shown). Yellow triangles indicate parasite-containing vacuoles, and infection times are indicated in the top left corner of each panel.





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