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Fig. 1. In vitro characterization of hMSCs. (A) Undifferentiated hMSCs cultured in standard growth medium show a well-spread or spindle-shaped morphology. (B) hMSCs at early passages display an average doubling time of about 72 hours, but their proliferation rate gradually decreased during ex vivo cell expansion with a replication arrest between passages 10 and 12. (C-F) Analysis of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. AP activity of hMSCs cultured in standard conditions (C) and after 10 days of osteogenic induction treatment (D). (E) No lipid droplet formation was seen in hMSCs cultured in control medium. (F) Oil Red O staining after 21 days of adipogenic induction. Bar, 50 µm.