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Fig. 1. Sequence, phylogenetic analysis and timing of expression of all actin proteins in Drosophila. (A) Alignment of the six Drosophila and two human actin proteins. Nomenclature of the fly actins indicates the chromosome location of the gene, e.g. actin5C is located at 5C on the X. Hs ß-actin: human cytoplasmic ß-actin; Hs 2-actin: human enteric 2-actin. Colours indicate residues conserved between groups of actins in flies or human (see also B): blue indicates cytoplasmic actin-specific residues; red indicates residues specific to fly cytoplasmic actins; yellow, human cytoplasmic actins (including in Hs 1-actin, which is not shown); green, fly muscle-actin-specific residues; pink and purple, residues specific for actin79B and 88F, respectively; orange, human muscle-specific residues (conserved within the other human muscle actins not shown); grey, all other non-conserved residues. The asterisk indicates the single amino acid exchange in the mutant GFPactin79B^R291H (see Fig. 7); the arrowhead, the point of domain swapping for the chimeric actins (see Fig. 8). (B) The phylogenetic relationship between all fly and human actins. Note that all fly actins are more closely related to vertebrate cytoplasmic actins than to vertebrate muscle actins. Coloured bars correspond to the highlighting of conserved residues in A. Hs ß-actin: human cytoplasmic ß-actin; Hs 1-actin: human cytoplasmic 1-actin; Hs 2-actin: human enteric 2-actin; Hs 1-actin: human skeletal 1-actin; Hs 2-actin: human smooth muscle 2-actin; Hs -cardiac-actin: human cardiac -actin. (C) Diagram of the timing of expression of actins during development of Drosophila as defined by Fyrberg et al. using northern blot analysis (Fyrberg et al., 1983). White equals no expression, and the darker the boxes are shaded, the higher the expression level.

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