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Fig. 2. Inhibition of upstream protrusion leads to polarization of single endothelial cells under flow. (A) Frames from a phase-contrast time-lapse movie of a single PAE cell exposed to flow (arrow, 20 dyn/cm2). (B) PAE cells from cultures under stationary condition (control) or after 5 minutes of flow (arrow, 20 dyn/cm2), stained for actin with phalloidin. Arrowheads mark protrusions. (C) Quantitative analysis of the number and direction of protrusions in control cells and cells exposed to flow. The average number of protrusions in each of eight directions is displayed. Notice that polarization under flow is primarily due to inhibition of upstream protrusions, rather than to increase in downstream protrusion. Bar, 5 µm.





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